Main Features Of A Computer System Information Technology Essay

Main Features Of A Computer System In conventionation Technology EssayThe body unit is the snapper of the estimator form of rules. It is a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. The box contains many electronic comp starnts that process information, the central processing units (central processing unit) is one of the main components. The micro central mainframe computer or the processor acts as the brain of the computing machine an otherwise part is the random access remembering (RAM). It stores information that the CPU customd when the computer is on. RAM information deletes as soon as the computer switched off. On the def destination of the carcass unit there are cables plug into a specific ports. Peripheral device or device (hardware) is non part of the system unit.Mouse is use to show and select items on the computer screen. The first mouse looks a bit like a real mouse nowadays we view as unalike shapes of mice. It is connected to the system unit b y a long wire however since there are many technological improvements now we have piano tuner mice. The mouse usually contains a unproblematic buttons, a wheel and a secondary buttons. The wheel leave behinds the user to scroll through the screens for information. The pointer whitethorn change its appearance appearing where it is situate on the screen. Primary button selects items on the screen by only clicking on it. It is the principal way to interact with the computer.KeyboardThe main use of the secernboard is to type text into the computer, it contains letters and quantitative keys. The keyboard overly has some special keys such as the function keys which is use to perform different functions relied on where they are use. Numeric key pad authorises the user to enter numbers in a quicker way. The gliding keys perform almost the same task as the mouse as it allows you to move your position inside a document or webpage.MonitorA monitor shows a see able form of the informa tion text and graphics on the computer screen. It is like a television as it displays hush and moving pictured. on that point are two types of monitors, the cathode ray subway system (CRT) and the liquid crystal display (LCD). They are both design to make sharp images. The only differences between the two monitors are the cathode ray tube is enabling you to afford it as it is cheaper and the liquid crystal is thinner and lighter.SpeakersSpeakers are use to hear the in effect(p) effects from the computers and listen to music. It is either built in the system unit or connected to the computer utilize cables.(http//course.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/s040643/EDD5169H/Computer%20 voicelessware.gif)Operating systemAn operating system is the essential interface that is connect to a computer and performs various functions. It is software that acts like the core of computer system. The basic functions of the operating system is the drivers and the warrantor concerns.Drivers are programs to enable t he operation of the devices specially the one installed on the system (mouse, keyboard, printer, etc). It translates the commands from operating system and also translates it back from the component to the operating system. The operating system also performs other functions such as rectify errors and maintains the system.As computer software is a human creation. It makes the operating system lie down to errors so there are warranter concerns. professionalgrammers sometime make mistakes that are often implement after test while other software developers provide much efficient one. It means that some of the operating system is more prone to errors while the other software is more secure.Sometimes bugs in software may prohibit the system to communicate with the hardware devices. The instabilities of the software may turn up to crashes, whichconsist of freezing and unresponsive. This result may vary depending on the operating system. It can also lead to a point where the computer in to be reboot.The software bugs also allows unauthorised user to get to the system since its vulnerabilities enable the attackers to utilise and take complete control of the system. They can install Malware and attack other machines. So programmers provide security patches rather than updating the operating system.Types of Operating systemMac occupies the medium range to racy end as a result Mac are popularly considered to be more expensive than other pcs. Though Mac suffers from relatively very few hacks, security holes Mac OS x does exist, unspoilt like in any other operating system. The Mac has seen significant market share increases in recent years, something that has also increased the amount of Mac-compatible software.MS-DOS, which is short for disk operating system, is an operating system for PCs that uses a command-line user interface. The command-line interface is difficult to learn, and the syntax and commands are non easy for the casual user to remember.There are se veral other operating systems such as Linux and other windows.(http//ischoolsclsbatungbakal.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/operating-system-interfaces.jpg)2. Compare and contrast the different formats of computer systems.Large organisations make use of mainframe computers. Mainframes are use for applications such as mint Data Processing and Enterprise Resource Planning. Mainframes can be use for several small servers as it has the power to host multiple operating systems.Minicomputers also called workstations lie between mainframes and microcomputers. They used transistor and core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer was the first successful one.Desktop can be use in a ace location it is mainly used in workplaces and households. The power consumption is less critical to that of laptops.Laptops can be miniaturised, optimised and it is portable. Laptops are run using shelling or an external shelling. They have an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad (mouse) and LCD.3.Describe th e development of the processor in the last fifty years in relation to the development of private computers.A computer processor is the most defining thing that man invented .It is one of the most innovative technologies available. Since the development of the computer processors is growing every year. The processors hurryings are really heights and still increasing. central processing units are arrange almost everywhere cars, cameras etc. Games consoles, digital audio players and GPS device are one of the most high technologies nowadays. The development of these technologies is getting more and more complicated.In 1972 the first processor was do by Intel, it was a 4-bit processor (Intel 4004) with a 740 kHz. After which the second processor was built 16-bit processor that had a 5 megacycle per second speed. IBM produced a later version of the 8086 processor it was the first personal computer invented. Several technologies were being made during this time where a later version was launch the Intel 486, which has a 32-bits, and with a speed of 16 megacycle. The concept of multitasking was the highly-developed where the processor was enable to run both real mode and protected mode. The System Management flair (SMM) were attribute for power saving and computers went from Command line interface (CLI) to Windows, icons, menu and pointing device (WIMP) interaction.In 1993 the Pentium processor (Intel) came out with a speed of 60 MHz which next after was the Pentium II which has a speed of 233MHz, Pentium III has a speed of 450 MHz followed by Pentium 4 with a speed of 1.3 GHz. Intel inaugurated the Pentium M with a lower speed of 900 MHz. It has a power saver since the battery of the laptop last longer. In 2006 heart and soul processor was introduced which has a speed of 1.6 GHz, Core Duo has a virtualisation capability which allow the computer system to perform multitask on the same computer.AMD even being one off the processor manufacturer it was not known until 1991 where they launched the AM386 processor with a speed of 40 MHz (same capability as the Intel 386). In 1999 Athlon mainframe the crucial competitor to Pentium III was introduced by the AMD with a speed of 500 MHz. It was the first processor thatreached 1 GHz at that time. The Computer processor continues their development to get the fastest processor. From 1975 the number of transistors used on a chip has parlay every year.Software programmers will create more cores that will allow multi-th necessitate applications to be utilised. Computers will develop fast processors with multimedia applications such as graphics software, video players so on.(Ref http//www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-computer-processors.html) for dates and information.Intel Processor propagations SummaryGenerationIntelCPUApprox.Year1st Generation8086 (1)1980.801861981.8028619822nd Generation80286 (2)1982third Generation80386 (3)19874th Generation80486 (4)19905th GenerationPentium (5)19936th Genera tionPentium Pro (6)1995.Pentium II1996.Pent. MMX1997.Celeron1998.Pentium 319997th GenerationPentium 4 (7)2000.Celeron II2000.Duron20008th GenerationIntel Core (8)2006(http//www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/computer/cpu-evolution.htm)(Macs)(PCs)ExternalBits indwellingBitsIntelCPUApprox.YearAMDCPU8-bit808019751976816808819778086 (1)198016-bit801861981802861982163280286 (2)1982198532-bit80386 (3)19872900080486 (4)19901991Pentium (5)19933264199458664-bitPentium Pro (6)1995Pentium II1996K5Pent. MMX1997K6Celeron1998Pentium 31999Athlon64128Pentium 4 (7)2000K7Celeron IIDuron128-bit200120021282562003256-bit20042005Intel Core (8)20064. What are the SRAM, DRAM, ROM and Cache? And how are their functions different in the Computer system.SRAM that is static random access memory is more common than the DRAM. Compared to a DRAM SRAM does not have to be refresh and the access time is lower as well. SRAM does not have to be paused like the DRAM and it is often used as a memory cache. alas it is really expe nsive.However DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is most commonly used for personal computers and workstation. The personal computer processor can access any part of the memory directly rather than having to proceed from the beginning. DRAM has to be refreshed since it runs on the principle of moving current from a switch with two directions. The DRAM capacitors slack their charge really rapid.ROM (Read only memory) authorise you to write data only once and you allows you to look at it as many time you want. It is also refers memory chips. Example of ROM is CD.A cache is use to store data temporary that you tend to use again. It is a block RAM that the CPU and Hard drive have a tendency to use regularly. Cache memory let the user to read the data faster that a RAM does, even if it is small.5. What are the key development stages of computer systems since 1946?The key development stages often refer to the fundamental change occurs in the way computers operate that is increasingly smaller, cheaper, more efficient and reliable device. It is break down into four main stage of development know as generations development.First Generation is from 1946 -1958 (Vacuum tubes)Second Generation is from 1959-1964 (The era of the transistors)Third Generation is from 1965- 1979 (Integrated circuit Miniaturising the computer)Fourth Generation is from 1971-present. (The era of microprocessors)First generation (1946-1956) vacuum tubes.The first generation computer is the first one using Electronic numerical integrator and computer (ENIAC). They used vacuum tubes for the circuit and the magnetic drums for memory. It used to depend on machine spoken language. It was really difficult to perform since it was the lowest programming language that was understand by computers. The input of the computer was based on punched cards and paper tape whereas the output was shown on the printouts. because after in 1951 the first commercial computer was introduce UNIAC (universal automatic computer). IBM al so launched the SAGE which was one of the leading computerSecond Generation is from 1959-1964 (The era of the transistors)This generation is when most practical work was exploitation as the discovery of the transistors was made. It is when the real time reservation system begin the secondgeneration of computers. As the transistors supporter the computer to improve its performance lessspace will be used, became more reliable, cheaper and last less energy power was used.Third Generation is from 1965- 1979 (Integrated circuit Miniaturising the computer)1965 it is when Gordon Moore predicts that the number of chips use will double up in a transistor. It was in the third generation that Intel had developed newly improve memory chip after which the microchip was introduce with a 256-bit RAM.Fourth Generation is from 1971-present. (The era of microprocessors)It is in the quaternary generation that Intel develop a CPU through a micro chip. It is when Pascal programming language was wri tten. The development has improved in a really wider way with windows, Mac etc.However the 5th generation is believed it will consist of artificial intelligence is a major way. Where the experts system can help Doctors for example to reach a diagnose.Things likeProblem solvingRoboticsNatural languageExpert systemwill be able to use by computers.6. Use the internet to find a high performance personal Computer and explain the features within it. Specifically DiscussStorageIP/OPProcessor Speed/PowerMultimedia facilitiesOther highlighted selling points.The best PC (personal computer) I found was the HP with an operating system capability of 64-bit on a speed of 2.66 GHz Intel processor. With an 8 hour battery life and a dimension of 33.1 x 24.3 cm. It has an internal drives of 320GB with a hard disk drives 7200 rpm. It has the latest wireless and Bluetooth facilities.System featuresProcessor typeIntel Core2 Duo Processor P8800 (2.66 GHz, 3 MB L2 cache, 1066 MHz FSB)Operating system ins talledGenuine Windows Vista billet with downgrade to Windows XP Professional custom installedChipsetMobile Intel GM45 show up ChipsetDimensions and weightProduct weightStarting at 2.1 kgProduct dimensions (W x D x H)3.1 (at front) x 33.1 x 24.3 cm shopStandard memory3 GB 800 MHz DDR2 SDRAMMemory slots2 SODIMM slots supporting dual channel memoryStorageInternal drives320 GB 7200 rpm SATA optical drivesUpgrade bay LightScribe DVD+/-RW SuperMulti with Double LayerGraphicsDisplay35,8 cm (14.1) WXGA (1280 x 800 resolution) or 35,8 cm (14.1) Illumi-Lite LED WXGA (1280 x 800 resolution) or 35,8 cm (14.1) WXGA+ (1440 x 900 resolution)optional 2 MP Webcam with Business Card Reader SoftwareGraphicsMobile Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 4500MHDExpansion featuresPorts3 USB 2.0 ports, VGA, biaural microphone in, binaural headphone/line out, Firewire (1394a), power connector, RJ-11, RJ-45SlotsSlots available for additional devices 1 ExpressCard/54 slot, plug away Digital slotAudioHigh Defin ition Audio, stereo speakers, stereo headphone/line out, stereo microphone in, integrated dual-microphone arrayIntegrated camera2 MP webcamKeyboardFull-sized keyboardWhats in the box raise dual pointing devices (touchpad and pointstick) with scroll zoneCommunicationsNetwork interfaceIntel Gigabit Network Connection (10/100/ railway yard NIC)Wireless technologiesIntel 802.11a/b/g/draft-n, Bluetooth 2.0Power and operating requirementsBattery type6-cell (55 WHr) Lithium-Ion batteryPower features6-cell (55 WHr) Lithium-Ion batteryBattery lifeUp to 8 hours (more than 17 hours with the HP Extended Life Battery and up to 24 hours with the HP Ultra-Capacity Battery)Operating temperature range0 to 35 C security department managementSecurity managementMcAfee Security Solution, Kensington Lock slot, HP Privacy Filter(http//h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/uk/en/sm/WF06b/321957-321957-64295-3955549-3955549-3688868-4017987.html )