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Friday, December 27, 2019

Analysis Of Robert Frost s White - 919 Words

In 1922, Robert Frost wrote the poem â€Å"In White.† Frost then revised this poem fourteen years later and published it under the title â€Å"Design.† On the surface, the speaker in the poem describes a situation in which a spider has killed a moth on a heal-all flower. But, as the layers are peeled back, there arises a conflict between the speaker and him/herself. The internal conflict stems from the world’s design or lack thereof. Frost takes a simple thought on design and makes the reader question life and the nature of creation through a random, haphazard occurrence of a spider, a moth, and a flower. To start the poem, the speaker stumbles upon a â€Å"fat and white† spider â€Å"on a white heal-all, holding up a moth† (1-2). This doesn’t tell the full story, but it does show the reader that there is a random occurrence between a spider, a moth, and a flower. As shown in the legend, a heal-all flower is usually blue but in this case it i s white. The spider, which is generally dark-colored, is white as well. And the moth that is in the spider’s hands is â€Å"like a white piece of rigid satin cloth†. (3) A rigid, satin cloth symbolizes a coffin which shows that the moth in the spider’s arms is dead. After the first three lines there are two conclusions to be made: (1) There is a random occurrence of a rare, white spider climbing on a rare, white heal-all flower; (2) The spider represents darkness and evil. It is using the flower as camouflage to kill the moth. Finally, showing the charactersShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hardships in Birches by Robert Frost1013 Words   |  5 PagesHardships in Birches by Robert Frost In any life, one must endure hardship to enjoy the good times. According to Robert Frost, the author of Birches, enduring lifes hardships can be made easier by finding a sane balance between ones imagination and reality. The poem is divided into four parts: an introduction, a scientific analysis of the bending of birch trees, an imaginatively false analysis of the phenomenon involving a New England farm boy, and a reflective wish Frost makes, wanting toRead MoreModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 Pages9th, 2015 Robert Frost: Modern Multiplicity Robert Frost is a multiple poet. –Louis Untermeyer What is customary and, therefore, stereotypical of modern artistic thought is the belief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Jean-Francois Lyotard â€Å"designate[s]† this nameRead MoreAnalysis of the Wood Pile1335 Words   |  6 PagesWITH NATURE Robert Frost s poem, The Wood-Pile, focuses on a man who adventures himself in a frozen swamp. Away from home, he fears the environment surrounding him. Until a small bird, flies ahead of him and draws his attention on a decayed woodpile. This marks a turning point in the poem. The man, hypnotized by the wood pile, feels more comfortable because he knows humans were here before him. He enters in some sort of communion with nature. In his line by line analysis of Frosts poem On theRead MoreEssay on Robert Frost1443 Words   |  6 Pages Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Frost was considered to be one of America’s leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural New England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that â€Å"he would soon play tennis without a net as write free verseRead MoreAnalysis of Home Burial1496 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Owen Marjory Thrash Eng 1123 V02 13 April 2009 Analysis of â€Å"Home Burial† Many of Robert Frost’s poems and short stories are a reflection of his personal life and events. Frost’s short story â€Å"Home Burial† emulates his experience living on a farm and the death of two of his sons. Frost gives an intimate view into the life and mind of a married couples’ struggle with grief and the strain it causes to their marriage. The characters Frost describes are synonymous, physically and emotionally,Read MoreEssay on Robert Frosts Life and Accomplishments1244 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.† After a lifetime of ups and downs, Robert Frost said this quote. Most of his poems already shared his message, that life is not as easy as it may first appear to be. He used the simplicity of nature and vernacular speech to give his poems a casual mood, though underneath they display a much deeper meaning of life. These poems help to show people just some of the d ifficult things that will be faced in life, despite everythingRead MoreA Beautiful Pied Design1185 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history American poems have been analyzed for what they truly mean. Many people use their analysis to show others or find out for themselves what a poem means. There are even writers whos only job is to completely analyze a poem down to every single word. Sometimes an analysis can even help someone else write a poem. There are a lot of different genres of poems including: allegory; epic; fable; satire; tragedy; etc. However, sometimes poems of two genres can mash together. Meaning a poemRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Desert Places Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Desert Places Robert Frosts Desert Places is a testament to the harrowing nature of solidarity. By subjecting the narrator to the final moments of daylight on a snowy evening, an understanding about the nature of blank spaces and emptiness becomes guratively illuminated. The poems loneliness has the ability to transcend nature and drill a hole through the mind of the narrator so that all hope for relationships with man and nature are abandoned. Read MoreDisillusionment In Literature1616 Words   |  7 Pageswould instead continue in their own beliefs. Works of literature and art like, Teenage Wasteland by Anne Tyler, Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost, and the 2007 film Across The Universe, all have the central theme of reflection, disenchantment, and most importantly, disillusionment. The novel Teen Wasteland was written toward the beginning of the 1980’s, during the heyday of hippie counterculture. The story follows a single mother, Daisy, trying to reform her wayward son, Donny’s ways. SheRead MoreRobert Frost : A New England Poet3698 Words   |  15 PagesRobert Lee Frost Known for being a New England poet Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th, 1874. Born to a New England father William Prescott Frost Jr. and a Scottish mother Isabelle Moodie who moved to the west coast from Pennsylvania after marriage (Bailey). Both his parents were teachers and poets themselves, but his father later became a journalist with the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (Bailey). Frost spent 12 years of his life growing up in San Francisco, until

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Innovators Dna - 84615 Words

(Continued from front flap) is the Horace Beesley Professor of Strategy at the Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. â€Å"Businesses worldwide have been guided and in uenced by e Innovator’s Dilemma and e†¦show more content†¦Christensen All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu, or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dyer, Jeff. The innovator’s DNA : mastering the ï ¬ ve skills of disruptive innovators/ Jeff Dyer, Hal Gregersen, Clayton M. Christensen. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-4221-3481-8 (hardback) 1. Creative ability in business. 2. Technological innovations. 3. Entrepreneurship. I. Gregersen, Hal B., 1958– II. Christensen, Clayton M. III. Title. HD53.D94 2011 658.4 063—dc22 2011008440 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives Z39.48-1992. 100092 00 i-vi r1 rr.qxp 5/13/11 6:52 PM Page v Contents Introduction 1 Part One Disruptive Innovation Starts with You 1 The DNA of Disruptive Innovators 17 2 Discovery SkillShow MoreRelatedThe Innovators Dna1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Innovators DNA â€Å"Innovation usually discusses the altering or generating more effective developments, products and ideas, and can rise the possibility of a business get to the top. Businesses that innovate produce more effective work methods and have better output and performance. Innovation can be a promoter for the progression and success of your business, and help you adjust and grow in the marketplace. Being innovative does not mean inventing; innovation can mean changing your business modelRead MoreEssay about week 13 The Innovator s DNA4320 Words   |  18 PagesCrowther INNOVATION 1692 Dec09 Dyer Layout.indd 60 11/2/09 1:38:46 PM Five â€Å"discovery skills† separate true innovators from the rest of us. | by Jeffrey H. Dyer, Hal B. Gregersen, and Clayton M. Christensen The Innovator’s DNA hbr.org 1692 Dec09 Dyer Layout.indd 61 | December 2009 | Harvard Business Review 61 11/2/09 1:39:02 PM Innovation SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION The Innovator’s DNA â€Å"How do I ï ¬ nd INNOVATIVE PEOPLE for my organization? And how can I become more innovative myself?† TheseRead MoreThe Innovator s Dna That Make People More Innovative1940 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction For the past couple of weeks, I have been reading The Innovator’s DNA. I was a little hesitant at first because the title alone says that it will be talking about being innovative. I didn’t really think I had an innovative bone in my body. The introduction and chapter one of the book tells us though that innovation can be practiced. The one thing that caught my attention is that the authors have been experimenting for years about finding out about what makes people innovative. The bookRead MoreBio Hackers : Saving The World !899 Words   |  4 Pagestomorrow. Bio-hackers are tinkering with the DNA of existing organisms to create new ones and will lead to innovations of a biological nature (Economist.com).Many of today’s innovators began as hackers in their garages or in temporary labs set up in a high school science lab. Innovators such as Thomas Edison, companies such as Hewlett-Packard and Google were hackers working in their garages or workshops. What positiv e changes will Bio-hackers or innovators of today create for tomorrow? Bio-hackers areRead MoreCloning: The Face of a Better Tomorrow Essay1995 Words   |  8 Pagescloning is the year 1958, this is when the practice of cloning was first brought into the modern day lab. John Gurdon was the first to participate in the actual process of cloning animal cells. So in a sense John Gudon is sort of like a pioneer or innovator in the cloning field. With the research from John Gurdon and his cloning technique, American Daniels 2 and Swiss scientists were able to partake in the cloning of mice. In doing this, it made the mouse the first ever recordedRead MoreInnovation Organization Support1554 Words   |  7 Pageswhat roles. (Leslie, J. 2009) The two skills I feel are necessary for the success of innovation and the formation of a successful innovative organization is Strategic Planning and Leading People. Within the initial creation of an innovation and innovator must have a strategic plan set to meet small goals in order to obtain or create that unique innovation. A strategic plan is a document used to communicate with the organization the organization’s goals, the actions needed to achieve those goals andRead MoreInfluences that helped Nayar to create a more innovative organization853 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to The DNA of Innovators, â€Å"†¦ an organization’s success varies systematically throughout the business life cycle. The discovery skills are most prominent in the early phases of a businesses life cycle (Dyer, Gregersen, and Christensen 2011). The five discovery skills are associating, questioning, observing, networking and experimenting. Associating, as Dyer, Gregerson, Christensen (2011) stated, â€Å"happens as the brain tries to make sense of novel inputs. Associating helps innovators discoverRead MoreIntuitive Surgical Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pageswho have the capacity to turn ideas into practical products and services. Therefore, with Intuitive Surgical patents expiring in the near future they should channel the transformational leadership model so they can have a great chance of building innovators within its organizations. The second leadership model that could benefit Intuitive Surgical and help with innovation in organizations is behavioral leadership. This type of leadership moved away from who leaders where to what leaders did. If theyRead MoreSimilarities Between a Global Leader and an Effective Innovator950 Words   |  4 PagesA global leader has a lot of things in common with an effective innovator and one of the principal similarities between the two involves their ability to coordinate teams with the purpose of achieving goals in a limited amount of time and with as little impediments as possible. It is only safe to say that innovation is a team sport and that a global leader thus needs to focus on this concept in order to be able to assist his subordinates in meeting deadlines. In most cases global leaders feel thatRead MoreInnovators1283 Words   |  6 Pagescollaboration, I believe this is minor display of Discovery Skill # 4 (Networking) discovering ideas from other sources to validate and bolster his own ideas. I think Nayar displayed all of the Discovery Skills identified in The Innovators DNA (Dyer, 2011) such as,   Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking and Experimenting. I liked the way he created the employee concentric organization, focusing on the individual first (frontline customer service), putting the greatest emphasis

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Haitian Creole Essay Example For Students

Haitian Creole Essay Christopher Columbus claimed Haiti when he landed there in 1492. Arawak Indianswere the original inhabitants of this island when Columbus arrived. Later, theisland became a colony of England. Haiti remained virtually unsettled until themid-17th century, when French colonists, importing African slaves, developedsugar plantations in the north. Under French rule from 1697, Haiti (then calledSaint-Domingue) became one of the worlds richest sugar and coffee producers. Soon, Haiti became a land of wealth with the vast use of slavery as their methodof production. The rising demand for sugar, coffee, cotton, and tobacco createda greater demand for slaves by other slave trading countries. Spain, France, theDutch, and English were in competition for the cheap labor needed to work theircolonial plantation system producing those lucrative goods. The slave trade wasso profitable that, by 1672, the Royal African Company chartered by Charles IIof England superseded the other traders and became the richest shipper of humanslaves to the mainland of the Americas. The slaves were so valuable to the openmarket they were eventually called Black Gold. Plantation ownersbegan to be represented in the colony either by their agents or plantationmanagers, who kept them, informed of production levels, profits, expenses, andthe general operations of the plantation. The arrogance and conceit of theseagents, or procurers, was that they were surrounded by a multitude of do mesticslaves to satisfy every want or need of their own. The greater number ofdomestic slaves one may have entails a great amount of prestige for these peoplein their time of the early 1700s and no though was given to the immoral waysand acts taken by their race because they though it not an issue. Plantationowners and those of the like continued to be heavily involved in social aspectsof culture and the French way of life. Commuting from their authoritativelyconstructed world of pleasure in France with wealth and prestige combined withthe occasional visits to the plantation for business. The life of a plantationowner and those that surround him is of luxury and negative profusion. TheHaitians are almost wholly black, with a culture that is a unique mixture ofAfrican and French influences. Haiti was a French colony until 1791 when, firedby the example of the French Revolution, the black slaves revolted, massacredthe French landowners and proclaimed the worlds first black republic. A s noted,this is the first revolution of slaves against their owners and their successdid not go unnoticed. The treatment of slaves around the globe is quite unjust. Because of the colonization of Haiti by France, the importation of Africanslaves, and the original inhabitants, the Arawak Indians, three languages werespoken on the island. This sparked a need for a common language between theinhabitants of the island. In fact, a large factor in the success of the HaitianRevolution (1804) was the creation of Haitian Creole through African dialectsand French. The fact that the majority of the residents spoke their languagemade their domination even more prevalent. The language was created through theslavery and the need for communication. The people of Haiti were also aware thatCreole was spreading to Jamaica as well and their match had been met. Invisible and anxious to be seen by their masters, the privileged few of theblack culture and the mass of freed blacks conceived of visibility through theeyes of their masters already uncertain vision of life. The slaves of Haitirose up against their French and mulatto masters in August of 1791. This markedthe beginning of the end of one of the greatest wealth-producing slave coloniesthe world had ever known. The early leaders forming the core of this movementwere Boukman Dutty, Jeannot Bullet, Jean-Francois, and George Biassou. Later,slaves armies were commanded by General Toussaint who was eventually betrayed byhis officers Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe who opposed hispolicies. The revolt consisted of long days and nights and the energy tocontinue to fight and defend their cause. It ended in 1804 and the island ofHaiti became a free land without slavery. Haitian Creole preserves much ofFrench phonological, morphological, syntactical, and lexical characteristics,but a merger of both French structural features and West African featurescharacterizes the language. The inflectional system of French is greatlyreduced. As with the pidgin languages, which result from the need to communicatewith the overseers and those who did not share the same language, this was adevelopment in linguistics, which is still studied today. The expansion andstrength of the languages are a part of our history and are present in otherlands of slavery and persecution. Although pidgin is used for trade only and forno social communication, its use resulted in a new form of communication, orlanguage, for the new people in the New World. The bioprogram hypothesis (Goodenhandout) claims that Pidgin/Creole is the invention ofchildren growing in a multiracial community. These children find thelanguage being spoken inadequate and without enough structure tofunction as a natural language. This is true because the children andwomen slaves needed to communicate with others slaves from different Africandialects and they needed to communicate with the overseers as well. Today,Haitian Creole is spoken by 95% of the people who live there. It is also has thelargest number of speakers of the Caribbean Creoles. Speakers include 700,000 inHaiti; 159,00 in the Dominican Republic; and 200,000 in New York City. French isan official language along with Haitian Creole, yet many people in Haiti do notspeak French. It became the official language in 1804 at the end of therevolution. The Haitian flag was a result of removing the white band from theFrench flag and turning it on its side. The decision for the flag came fromthose who were victorious in the revolution and its leaders of freedom. It isalso meaningful to know that many of the migrants from Haiti are driven not onlyby political issues but also by the immense amount of AIDS and other third worldcountry issues like potable water, deforestation and soil erosion. Although,Haiti is still plentiful with trees and vegetation, a large amount of theirfarmland is being destroyed and food has become a rare commodity to those whoare underprivileged. They result in fleeing the country and in the 1980s, itwas reported than more than 500,000 Haitians had migrated to the United States,legally and illegally, to New York, Miami, Chicago, Boston and Philadelphia. Theinformation on Haitian Creole is quite scarce and the resources of worthwhileinformation regarding the creation and purpose Creole has served in Haiti, andother places, is not available. Many resources regarding the Haitian Revolutionare present and the requirement focuses more on the impact and development ofthe language. The ability to make communication work in a confused andinappropriate era of turmoil in the eyes of the slaves is a profound result ofGod and life. The development of another language out of others is mind-power,strength, inventiveness and tenacity. The people of Haiti continue to bemistreated and neglected by many countries of the Un ited Nations. The UnitedStates can apply only so much support to one country since we are looking aftermany countries as the lead nation in the world as support. The assistance thatis needed by Haiti is of immense detail and the feats of success are few and farbetween for many of the local people in Haiti. Problems exist here because ofthe age-old tradition of neglect and desecration of the people of Haiti andtheir ancestors who hands created the land of wealth that benefited those beforethem. .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .postImageUrl , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:hover , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:visited , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:active { border:0!important; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:active , .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924 .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1aa0b2f652b38b74d52954ddebb0e924:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Special Program in the Arts and Basic Education Curriculum EssayBibliographyScott III, Julius Sherrard The Common Wind UMI Publishing 1986Dayan, Joan Haiti, History, and the Gods University of CaliforniaPress 1995 Fick, Carolyn E. The Making Of Haiti: The Saint DomingueRevolution from Below The University of Tennessee Press 1990 http://babel.uoregon.edu/romance/rl407/creole/haitian.htmlTitle: Haitian Creole Yahoo search http://www.eli.wayne.edu/students/Newsletter96F1/creole.htmlTitle: The Origin of Haitian Creole Yahoo search

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Open Boat Essays - The Open Boat, Stephen Crane,

Open Boat Symbolism allows writers to suggest their ideas within a piece of literature. This is found in most types of writing. Stephen Crane expresses this in his short story, The Open Boat. Through symbolism and allegory, it is demonstrated that humans live in a universe that is unconcerned with them. The characters in the story come face to face with this indifference and are nearly overcome by Natures lack of concern. This is established in the opening scenes, the seven mad gods and in the realization of the dying soldier. The descriptions that Crane uses in the opening scenes illustrate natures lack of concern for their tragedy. He discusses the waves in the ocean that continually roll and crest. The waves are problems or situations that are unavoidable; moreover, the waves continue to flow one after another towards the poor rowers. Also, the birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey because the birds were indifferent towards the sailors situation. They were sitting happily as if nothing was going on around them. The sailors were envious of this because they were forced to confront natures trials. The sun continues to rise and set daily, maintaining this routine regardless of what occurs in the world. The shore is also lonely and indifferent. This indifference causes the men to feel a certain isolation from nature. The men feel as if fate (the seven mad gods) controls their destinies. Their thoughts are given: If I am going to be drownedwhy, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the seaIf this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this However, the men realize that there is no fate and that there is no purpose for where they are. There is also a shark that is playing around near the boat; curiously, it does not seem to even acknowledge their presence. The realization that they have no purpose brings them to the brink of despair. In the beginning of the story, the author describes the dawn of seven turned faces. These are faces of the seven mad gods who are apathetic towards the men; moreover, they are part of nature. Towards the end of the story, the correspondent recalls a childhood verse that helps him to understand natures indifference. Through their experience together, the four men realize that all they have is each other. The correspondent feels sympathy suddenly for a dying soldier, one who does not even exist, The correspondent, dreamingwas moved by a profound and perfectly impersonal comprehension. He was sorry for the soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers. Being in the current situation, the correspondent finally understands the tragedy of the dying soldier. He realizes what it is like to be alone in a cruel world and more importantly, he realizes he does not have to be alone. When he first heard the story, he was also indifferent towards the soldier, just as nature is indifferent towards the rest of the world. He now understands what it is to be human. Crane opens a view of reality that first seems bitter, but in the end, stands as testament to the human spirit. The Universe will never bend to the will of man; however, man will always have each other. When man contemplates a high cold star on a winters night, man will not feel alone, for he can always turn to another person. English Essays